Complete Bibliography

Sources

المصادر

Every hadith collection, tafsir work, adhkar compilation, and data source referenced anywhere in Dhikr. Paired with the methodology page, this is the complete sourcing picture — designed so every claim Dhikr makes can be independently verified.

Hadith Collections · 12 primary sources

The core hadith corpus Dhikr uses. Every displayed hadith carries an explicit grade (Ṣaḥīḥ, Ḥasan, or Muttafaqun ʿalayhi) and a full citation. Daʿīf and Mawḍūʿ narrations are excluded systematically.

Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī7,563 hadiths

صحيح البخاري
Imām Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī (d. 256 AH / 870 CE)

The most authoritative hadith collection in Sunni Islam. Assembled from approximately 600,000 narrations reviewed over 16 years; al-Bukhārī included only what met his strictest authentication criteria. Contains 7,563 hadiths (with repetitions) across 97 books. Every hadith from Bukhārī on Dhikr is marked with the grade badge Muttafaqun ʿalayhi when it also appears in Muslim.

Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim7,500 hadiths

صحيح مسلم
Imām Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Naysābūrī (d. 261 AH / 875 CE)

Companion collection to Bukhārī — together they form the Ṣaḥīḥān, the two Sahihs. Muslim organized his work by topic with chains grouped together, making it easier to compare versions of the same narration. Contains approximately 7,500 hadiths. Every hadith attributed here carries the Ṣaḥīḥ grade at minimum.

Sunan Abī Dāwūd5,274 hadiths

سنن أبي داود
Imām Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī (d. 275 AH / 889 CE)

First of the four Sunan collections, focused on hadiths related to Islamic legal rulings. Abū Dāwūd documented whether each narration was Ṣaḥīḥ, Ḥasan, or Daʿīf where he could judge it. Dhikr uses al-Albānī's gradings for Abū Dāwūd's hadiths, displaying only those authenticated to Ṣaḥīḥ or Ḥasan.

Jāmiʿ al-Tirmidhī3,956 hadiths

جامع الترمذي
Imām Abū ʿĪsā al-Tirmidhī (d. 279 AH / 892 CE)

Known for al-Tirmidhī's own grading comments — he often specifies Ṣaḥīḥ, Ḥasan Ṣaḥīḥ, Ḥasan Gharīb, etc. directly after each narration. He is the first major hadith scholar to formalize the Ḥasan grade. Dhikr relies on his gradings alongside al-Albānī's authentications.

Sunan an-Nasāʾī5,700 hadiths

سنن النسائي
Imām Aḥmad ibn Shuʿayb al-Nasāʾī (d. 303 AH / 915 CE)

The al-Mujtabā (selected) Sunan — al-Nasāʾī's filtered selection from his larger al-Sunan al-Kubrā. Known among classical scholars for strict authentication standards, second only to Bukhārī and Muslim. Approximately 5,700 hadiths.

Sunan Ibn Mājah4,341 hadiths

سنن ابن ماجه
Imām Muḥammad ibn Yazīd Ibn Mājah (d. 273 AH / 887 CE)

Sixth book of the Kutub al-Sittah (Six Books). Ibn Mājah's collection contains some narrations not found elsewhere. Dhikr applies strict grading filters — many of Ibn Mājah's unique narrations are Daʿīf and are excluded; only Ṣaḥīḥ and Ḥasan entries appear.

Musnad Aḥmad27,000+ hadiths

مسند الإمام أحمد
Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal (d. 241 AH / 855 CE)

Organized by Companion rather than by topic — over 27,000 narrations from 904 Companions. The grading is mixed: Ṣaḥīḥ, Ḥasan, and Daʿīf all appear. Dhikr uses the critical edition edited by Shuʿayb al-Arnaʾūṭ and team, which provides grade judgments on each narration; only Ṣaḥīḥ and Ḥasan are displayed.

Muwaṭṭaʾ Mālik1,720 entries

موطأ الإمام مالك
Imām Mālik ibn Anas (d. 179 AH / 795 CE)

The earliest surviving hadith collection, compiled over 40 years by the founder of the Mālikī school in Medina. Highly authentic but organized by fiqh ruling rather than by Companion. Forms the foundation of the Mālikī school's hadith corpus.

Riyāḍ aṣ-Ṣāliḥīn1,896 hadiths

رياض الصالحين
Imām Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī (d. 676 AH / 1277 CE)

A topical compilation of 1,896 hadiths focused on virtues, manners, and spiritual development, drawn from the Six Books. One of the most widely studied hadith texts in the Muslim world. Dhikr's Hadith Reader includes the full collection with al-Albānī's authentications.

al-Adab al-Mufrad1,322 hadiths

الأدب المفرد
Imām al-Bukhārī (separate from his Ṣaḥīḥ)

Al-Bukhārī's thematic collection on Islamic etiquette and character — separate from his primary Ṣaḥīḥ and containing hadiths of varying grades. Dhikr includes al-Albānī's gradings for this work and displays only Ṣaḥīḥ and Ḥasan entries.

ash-Shamāʾil al-Muḥammadiyyah~400 hadiths

الشمائل المحمدية
Imām al-Tirmidhī

A collection of hadiths specifically describing the physical appearance, character, and daily life of the Prophet ﷺ. Approximately 400 narrations across 55 chapters. Beloved across the Muslim world for its intimate portrait of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

Bulūgh al-Marām1,570 hadiths

بلوغ المرام
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (d. 852 AH / 1449 CE)

A compact collection of approximately 1,570 hadiths on legal rulings, compiled by the great hadith critic who also authored Fatḥ al-Bārī (the definitive commentary on Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī). Each hadith carries Ibn Ḥajar's brief grading note.

Tafsir (Qur'an Commentary) · 8 works consulted

Classical and modern tafsir works consulted for verse-level interpretation. For the baseline English rendering, Dhikr uses Tafsīr al-Muyassar. For flagship verses with multi-scholar commentary, the other classical tafsirs listed here are consulted directly.

Jāmiʿ al-Bayān

جامع البيان
Imām Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī (d. 310 AH / 923 CE)

The foundational tafsir by narration (tafsir bi'l-ma'thūr). Al-Ṭabarī collected the transmitted explanations of verses from the Companions, the Followers, and the early scholars. Dhikr consults al-Ṭabarī for flagship verses when the narrative or linguistic context requires deep transmission support.

Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb

مفاتيح الغيب
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606 AH / 1209 CE)

The Great Tafsir — encyclopedic, especially strong in theology (kalām) and rational argumentation. Al-Rāzī pioneered the style of treating each verse as a doctrinal or philosophical problem to be analyzed rigorously.

al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān

الجامع لأحكام القرآن
Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Qurṭubī (d. 671 AH / 1272 CE)

The great fiqh-focused tafsir — the definitive reference for extracting legal rulings from Quranic verses. Dhikr consults al-Qurṭubī when a verse has significant legal implications.

Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm

تفسير القرآن العظيم
al-Ḥāfiẓ ʿImād al-Dīn Ibn Kathīr (d. 774 AH / 1373 CE)

The most widely read classical tafsir in the Muslim world today. Ibn Kathīr, a student of Ibn Taymiyyah, balances narration-based interpretation with careful historical context. Particularly strong on asbāb al-nuzūl (reasons for revelation) and linking verses to authentic hadith.

al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr

التحرير والتنوير
Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn ʿĀshūr (d. 1393 AH / 1973 CE)

The premier modern tafsir — Ibn ʿĀshūr, the Grand Mufti of Tunisia, combined rigorous classical scholarship with 20th-century literary and balāghah (rhetorical) analysis. Essential for understanding Quranic eloquence in a modern analytical framework.

Tafsīr al-Muyassar

التفسير الميسر
King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qurʾān (Medina)

A modern accessible tafsir commissioned by the Saudi government and printed in every royal-edition Quran mushaf. Used as Dhikr's default English rendering for verse-level meanings because it is rigorously reviewed, free to redistribute, and widely trusted.

Tafsīr al-Jalālayn

تفسير الجلالين
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī & Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī (d. 864 / 911 AH)

A concise word-by-word tafsir written by two scholars known as 'the two Jalāls.' One of the most widely studied introductory tafsirs in the Muslim world. Free of charge and in the public domain.

Zād al-Maʿād & Madārij al-Sālikīn

زاد المعاد · مدارج السالكين
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah (d. 751 AH / 1350 CE)

Not strict tafsirs, but contain profound scattered exegetical insights. Ibn al-Qayyim was a student of Ibn Taymiyyah; his works combine spiritual development with doctrinal rigor and frequently explain verses in the context of a believer's journey to Allah.

Adhkar Compilations · 3 reference works

Compilation references for daily adhkar — the structures and selections that Dhikr's morning and evening adhkar pages follow. Every entry within these compilations is independently traced back to its original hadith source and graded.

Ḥiṣn al-Muslim

حصن المسلم
Saʿīd ibn ʿAlī ibn Wahf al-Qaḥṭānī (d. 1440 AH / 2018 CE)

Fortress of the Muslim — the most widely distributed modern compilation of daily adhkar, rigorously sourced with a full citation for every entry. Dhikr's morning and evening adhkar pages use this as the compilation reference, while independently verifying each entry against its original hadith source.

al-Adhkār

الأذكار
Imām al-Nawawī

Classical reference for adhkar organized by daily situation (waking, eating, traveling, sleeping, etc.). Widely regarded as the foundational work in this genre.

al-Kalim al-Ṭayyib

الكلم الطيب
Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 728 AH / 1328 CE)

Compact compilation of authentic adhkar with source chains. A predecessor to al-Nawawī's al-Adhkār in approach, though shorter.

Hadith Critics & Editorial Authorities · 4 scholars relied upon

The scholars whose grading judgments Dhikr defers to when authentication is not already settled by the source collection itself.

Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī

محمد ناصر الدين الألباني
d. 1420 AH / 1999 CE

The most influential 20th-century hadith critic. His gradings in Ṣaḥīḥ Sunan and Daʿīf Sunan series are Dhikr's primary reference for the four Sunan collections. Authenticated or graded tens of thousands of narrations individually.

Shuʿayb al-Arnaʾūṭ

شعيب الأرناؤوط
d. 1438 AH / 2016 CE

Critical editor of the Musnad Aḥmad edition Dhikr relies on — 50+ volumes with grade annotations on each of Ahmad's 27,000+ hadiths. Also produced critical editions of Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ and many other foundational works.

Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī

ابن حجر العسقلاني
d. 852 AH / 1449 CE

Classical authority on hadith and jurisprudence. His Fatḥ al-Bārī remains the standard commentary on Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. His Bulūgh al-Marām is included in Dhikr's hadith corpus with his gradings preserved.

al-Ḥākim al-Naysābūrī

الحاكم النيسابوري
d. 405 AH / 1014 CE

Author of al-Mustadrak, a supplement to the Two Sahihs. His authentication judgments are cross-verified with al-Dhahabī's Talkhīṣ al-Mustadrak before Dhikr accepts any of his Sahih gradings.

Data Sources & APIs · 5 technical dependencies

The APIs and external datasets Dhikr depends on for live or computed data. All are free, open, and well-established.

AlAdhan API

aladhan.com
Open-source, free astronomical prayer-time API

Primary source for all prayer-time calculations. Implements every major calculation method (IACAD, Umm al-Qura, Muslim World League, ISNA, etc.) using standard astronomical angle-based formulas. Dhikr caches responses locally for offline use and to minimize API calls.

AlQuran Cloud API

alquran.cloud
Free Quran API with multiple translations

Provides the Quranic text in Uthmani script and English translations including Saheeh International and Pickthall. Used for the Quran reader when users select non-default translations.

AhmedBaset/hadith-json

github.com/AhmedBaset/hadith-json
Open-source bilingual hadith corpus on GitHub

Structured JSON dataset covering 15 classical hadith collections with Arabic text, English translations, and chapter organization. Dhikr loads chapter-by-chapter via the jsdelivr CDN for efficiency. All grading filters are applied on top of this raw corpus.

UAE Moon Sighting Committee

Official UAE government announcements

Primary source for Ramadan start, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha dates in the UAE. Dhikr's Hijri calendar updates in real time when the Committee publishes announcements.

Kuwaiti Algorithm

Computational Hijri calendar

Offline fallback for Hijri date computation across the rest of the Islamic year. Typically within 1 day of astronomical sighting. Used when official announcements are unavailable for specific months.

What Dhikr Does NOT Use

Transparency about exclusions is as important as transparency about inclusions. Dhikr deliberately does not use:

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does Dhikr exclude Daʿīf (weak) narrations?
Weak hadith can lead to unauthentic practices being adopted and spread. The Muslim scholarly tradition has always emphasized authentication, and contemporary compilations like Ḥiṣn al-Muslim specifically exclude weak narrations. Dhikr follows this approach at a stricter level — nothing below the Ḥasan grade appears anywhere on the site or in the app.
Does Dhikr cite every source inline?
Yes. Every hadith displays the collection name and hadith number; every dua displays the collection and grade; every tafsir citation names the scholar and work. Users can verify any claim independently — this is the entire point of the sourcing policy.
Where do gradings come from when they differ between scholars?
Where authorities differ, Dhikr follows the stricter grading. If al-Albānī grades a hadith Ḥasan but another critic calls it Daʿīf, Dhikr treats it as borderline and typically excludes it. The goal is to never display anything where authentication is genuinely disputed.
Can I report a sourcing error?
Yes — please do. Use the contact form and specify the page URL, the hadith or verse, and the error. Every report is reviewed. If a narration's grade cannot be backed to at least Ḥasan level by multiple chains, it's removed — not defended.
Do the tafsir scholars listed here all agree with each other?
No — and that's valuable. Al-Ṭabarī, al-Rāzī, al-Qurṭubī, Ibn Kathīr, Ibn ʿĀshūr each approach tafsir from different methodological angles. Where they agree, the interpretation is well-established. Where they differ, Dhikr either presents multiple views (for flagship verses) or uses the mainstream default (Tafsir al-Muyassar).
How often does this sources list update?
The list updates whenever a new collection is added to Dhikr's hadith corpus, a new tafsir scholar is consulted for flagship verses, or a data source changes. Last updated: April 2026.